Why Do Rivers Curve?

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Created by Henry Reich
Production and Writing Team: Alex Reich, Peter Reich, Emily Elert, Ever Salazar, Kate Yoshida, and Henry Reich
Narrated by: Emily Elert
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

“Oxbow” voiceovers by:
Vanessa Hill: https://www.youtube.com/user/braincraftvideo
Ever Salazar: https://www.youtube.com/user/EverST88
Antoine Coeur: https://www.youtube.com/user/MinutePourLaTerre
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References

Ferreira da Silva, A. M. (2006). On why and how do rivers meander.

Howard, A. D. (2009). How to make a meandering river. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(41), 17245-17246. http://www.pnas.org/content/106/41/17245.full

Howard, A. D., & Knutson, T. R. (1984). Sufficient conditions for river meandering: A simulation approach. Water Resources Research, 20(11), 1659-1667. http://erode.evsc.virginia.edu/papers/howard_meander_84.pdf

Leopold, L. B., & Wolman, M. G. (1960). River meanders. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 71(6), 769-793. https://www.usu.edu/jackschmidt/files/uploads/Fluvial_2013_Labs/Leopold_Wolman_1960.pdf

Parker, H. (1996). River Meandering as Self-Organization Process. Science,271, 1710. http://www.f052.it/watch/927/meandering_river.pdf

Rhoads, B. L., & Welford, M. R. (1991). Initiation of river meandering. Progress in Physical Geography, 15(2), 127-156. http://www.geog.illinois.edu/~brhoads/rhoads%20and%20welford%201991.pdf

Schwenk, Jon. Interview. 9 July 2014.

Seminara, G. (2006). Meanders. Journal of fluid mechanics, 554, 271-297. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=431272&fileId=S0022112006008925

Stølum, H. H. (1998). Planform geometry and dynamics of meandering rivers.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110(11), 1485-1498. http://bruche.u-strasbg.fr/pages_protegees/pdf/stolum_1998.pdf

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Video and Image Credits

Waterfalls Cascading – Courtesy Shutterstock
http://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-6183704-stock-footage-waterfalls-cascading-down-a-rock-face-in-the-rocky-mountains-downward-pan.html

Rio cauto Cuba – Public Domain Photo
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rio-cauto-cuba.JPG

Tiger Leaping Gorge – Courtesy Shutterstock
http://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-4884011-stock-footage-tiger-leaping-gorge-yunnan-province-china.html

River coming from mountain – Google Earth
42°21’35.72″ S 173°34’30.41″ E

Meandering River – Google Earth Engine
https://earthengine.google.org/

Under Water 2 – Ken Mankoff